brought together in the topic of bioelectronics, which can be used to establish a bridge

between electronic devices and biological science, potentially opening up new technology

for medical advancement. Bioelectronics, a rapidly expanding area of medical research,

relies heavily on multidisciplinary technology development and cutting-edge research in

chemical, biological, engineering, and physical science as shown in Figure 1.1. For ex­

ample, features of bioelectronics components such as potential, impedance, and charge

transport may be monitored to determine the source of a bioreaction by analyzing its

surface resistance or resonance frequency, among other things. When a biological event

happens, the electronic materials may be used to test how well they work in the presence

of the event. With electrical components, it is possible to develop a second sort of bioe­

lectronic system, which aids biomaterials in performing their activities. Likewise, bio­

sensors capable to transform biological processes into electrical signals create a new

domain in bioelectronics. Because of these advancements, bioelectronic scientists are in­

venting numerous gadgets for replacing ill-fated body parts to offer humans a new life to

live. Using artificial body parts, these technologies can recognize complex brain impulses

and translate them into normal physical actions. In addition, these newly created bioe­

lectronics devices are potentially able to sense various abnormalities to alert the immune

system to prepare for designing a defense protocol. At the molecular, cellular, tissue, and

system levels, our understanding of biology and the basis of illness is rapidly improving.

In the coming years, as semiconductor devices shrink and become more useful,

scientists expect to develop implantable prostheses that improve quality of life, lab-on-a-

chip tools that enable sensitive and selective detection of infections, biomarkers for

diseases, portable and cheaper imaging tools. However, the aging population in affluent

nations, rising healthcare costs, and limited access to medical treatment in less developed

and rural areas are driving demand for new developments in this sector. On the other

hand, it has become increasingly important in recent years to investigate and build

bioelectronic circuits. Incorporating similarities between biological processes and elec­

tronic circuits or combining biomaterials with electrical components can be used to de­

velop these circuits. A bioelectronic system is designed such that electronic components

may be utilized to steer biomaterials toward their intended uses. Biomaterials may be

created by genetic engineering or bioengineering, allowing for the generation of novel

enzymes and protein receptors, as well as the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies or

aptamers for non-biological substrates such as metals and metalloids. These materials and

electrical components can be mixed in a variety of functional units to get the desired effect.

FIGURE 1.1

The chemical aspects of bioelectronics. Reproduced with permission [ 1]. Copyrights (2020), Royal Society of

Chemistry.

2

Bioelectronics